摘要：《春秋繁露》是否为董仲舒所作虽然受到了宋人和海外学者的广泛怀疑，但是学界仍多不加辨析地利用《春秋繁露》来研究董仲舒思想。为了克服以往学界不重视相关材料辨伪，分割董仲舒的春秋公羊学、天人之学与其政治主张，忽视对其春秋公羊学义理系统的研究的缺点，本论文首先详细考辨了《春秋繁露》各篇的基本情况和作者，然后以董仲舒《贤良对策》中向汉武帝提出的更化汉代政治的建议为问题域，探讨董仲舒是如何融合春秋公羊学和天人之学为其政治主张提供辩护的。另外，本论文还特别加强了对董仲舒春秋公羊学义理系统的研究。

《春秋繁露》是南北朝时学人对董仲舒及其后学作品的编纂之作，其中也有部分篇章在流传中失传，由后人所补。《灭国》上下篇的作者是贾谊。黄老六篇是南方黄老道家的作品。《服制》篇是取《管子•立政》篇文而补。五行诸篇的后七篇是宣、元之季的《尚书》学者所撰，其中以刘向的可能性最大。涉及到阴阳运行方位的诸篇是董仲舒后学所作。《求雨》篇是魏晋南北朝时的作者根据董仲舒求雨指令、《神农求雨书》以及其他相关求雨材料按照五行学说整编而成。除此之外的其它诸篇当是董仲舒的作品。

天道是王道的根据。天道和王道共同为汉道提供依据。孔子把从天道和历史经验中得来的王道保存在《春秋》之中，为后世立新王之道。“三统说”和“天人感应论”是董仲舒由春秋公羊学而上探天人之学的成果。“三统说”为汉代更化提供了天道和王道的双重根据。“天人感应论”既可以为“大一统”提供辩护，也可以限制专制皇权。

董仲舒在《贤良对策》中为汉代更化提出的建议主要有：“大一统”、“少损周之文致用夏之忠”、“任德不任刑”。董仲舒认为这些既是孔子所立新王之道，也符合天道秩序。董仲舒的“大一统论”要求用儒家王道思想治国，结束地方诸侯威胁中央一统的局面。“少损周之文致用夏之忠”的建议在“汉家法周说”之外提供了更化汉承秦制状态的另一种选择。“以德善化民”的教化说以成民之性和天下善治作为目标，是更化汉代政治的根本措施。以《春秋》大义决狱改变了汉承秦律的严酷性。

关键词：董仲舒  天道  王道  汉道  公羊学

The Way of Heaven,The Way of King and The Way of Han Dynasty: Dong Zhongshu's Hermeneutics of CHUN QIU and The Reform of Han Dynasty

Abstract: Whether "Chunqiu fanlu" is Dong zhongshu's writing is widely suspected by the scholars of Song Dynasty and overseas scholars, but today most of scholars are still to use the "Chunqiu fanlu" to study Dong Zhongshu's thinking before confirming its authenticity. The previous research on Dong zhongshu pay a little attention to study on the authenticity of "Chunqiu fanlu" and the Righteous of "Chunqiu", and split the connection between the Righteous of "Chunqiu", the study of Heaven and man and his political views. In order to overlook the shortcomings, this paper must first analyze the situation of every chapter of"Chunqiu fanlu” and the writer, then take the proposals in "the Three Memorial" as the central issue, investigate that Zhongshu was how to integrate the Righteous of "Chunqiu" and the study of Heaven and man to defend his political proposal. Besides, this paper will bedsores strengthen the research on the Righteous of "Chunqiu".

"Chunqiu fanlu" was compiled in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. Some chapters had lost and were complemented by other people. Pian no 7 and 8 "Mie guo shang xia" is Jia Yi's work. The six chapters about Huang-Lao are southern Taoist works. Pian no 24 "Fu zhi" is to take the article "Li zheng" in "Guan Zi" and make up. The latter seven chapters about the five elements is Liu Xiang's work. The various articles related to the orientation of the Yin and Yang was written by Dong Zhongshu's pupils. Pian no 74 "Qiu yu" was written by the people of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, according to Dong Zhongshu's related instruction, "Shen nong qiyu shu" and other related materials. In addition to the above chapters, all other articles in"Chunqiu fanlu" are Dong Zhongshu's works.

The way of Heaven is the basis of the way of king. The way of Heaven and the way of King work together to provide the basis of the way of Han Dynasty. Confucius stored the way of king in "Chun Qiu" in order to show the way of King for the future king. The "three Sequences" and "prognostication" is discovered when Dong Zhongshu try to seek the way of Heaven in the "Chunqiu". The "three Sequences" provide the basis of the way of Heaven and the way of King for the reform of Han Dynasty. The "prognostication" can defend "Great Unification" and can also limit the autocratic imperial power.

Dong Zhongshu provided mainly three proposals in "The Three Memorials" for the reform of Han Dynasty: promoting unification, reducing the Zhou's refinement and using Xia's loyalty, and employ moral indoctrination, not punishment. These proposals take the way of Heaven as its basis, and are also the new way of King. Dong Zhongshu's unified theory needed using Confucian to govern the country, ending the situation that local warlords threat the central unity. The proposal of reducing the Zhou's refinement and using Xia's loyalty give Han Dynasty the third way, besides of learning the institution of Zhou and Qin. The proposals that reformed the commoners through moral power tried to make people good and take good governance of the world as target, were a fundamental measure of reform of Han Dynasty. It changed the cruelty of the law of Han Dynasty to use the Righteous of the "Chunqiu" to settle the lawsuit.

Key Words: Dong Zhongshu   the way of Heaven   the way of King   the way of Han Dynasty   Gongyang School

导师:李中华教授