摘要：周代借助宗法分封制实现数百年的稳定和发展，这对于春秋战国的思想家而言，不论是否认同周代的礼治方式，但周所造就的数百年稳定局面则是一个巨大的诱惑。这一诱惑体现在诸子们“务为治”这一共同学说宗旨上。思想与政治的合谋是实现治世的唯一途径，这也是各诸侯国增强本国实力以加入争霸的资本所在。在此变法图强的过程中，虽然儒家百般游说，但终因“迂阔而远于事情”被冷落，反而法家备受亲睐，各国相继按照法家策略实行变法，并取得良好的效果。法家学说因为实际的政治效果而盛行，这对积极入世且以周代正统继承者自居的儒家而言是致命的冲击。如何在法家盛行，诸国皆采用其学说以变法的背景下，传承周代合理的政治智慧和制度资源，提高儒家学说的可信性与有效性，实现儒学与现实政治的再次融合，则是荀子所面临的重大问题。

荀子针对战国晚期的混战局面设计一套制度体系，既用于当时国家的内部治理与外交政策，又是对未来大一统国家的秩序建构做指引。此制度体系包含甚广，其大端有二：礼与法。与孟子的理想王道叙说不同，荀子具有很强的现实品格，其目标在于为天下寻求治乱之道。作为儒学传承者，荀子坚持儒家的价值立场，以礼为核心概念，将传统礼制发展成无所不包的规范体系，这是荀子治道之经。同时，在面对法家法治风行、各国争相采用且功效显著的态势下，荀子批判性地吸收法治理念，使法成为辅佐礼治的重要规范，这是荀子治道之纬。由此可见，荀子将礼抬升为整个思想体系的中心地位，并以礼为主导将法纳入儒学视野，促成礼法融合，为礼法合治奠定思想基础，是儒学与现实政治社会得以融合的一个关键。

具体而言，本文第一章论述荀子所处时代背景，包括三方面：从血缘到地缘的社会背景、从分权到集权的政治背景和从多元到会通的文化背景；第二章论述礼法思想的历史演变，包括六经中的礼法分立、论孟中的扬礼抑法、道家的斥礼无法和法家的以法代礼；第三章论述荀子礼法思想的理论基础，包括从天生人成看其形上基础、从化性起伪看其人性根据、从宗原应变看其历史依据；第四章综论荀子礼法之性质，探讨礼法的自觉性和强制性、等差性和公正性，展现礼法概念的充满张力又融为一体的复杂内涵；第五章论述荀子礼法之起源：从人生而有欲看其主体性起源、从势物之有限看其客观性起源和从圣王之所生看其权威性起源；第六章展开分析荀子礼法合治主张的思想特色，包括：从皆务为治看其目标的同一性、从礼先法后看其价值的优先性、从礼法分工看其功能的互补性；第七章论述荀子礼法思想对秦汉的影响，分别从荀子礼法思想的回归和发展、荀子隆礼重法观与秦汉国家治理和荀子以礼入法论与法律儒家化的开启三方面展开。

本文以荀子礼法思想为切入点，探讨中国传统礼法文明的内涵、特征与价值，从中可以窥见中国传统社会在秩序建构和社会管理等方面的特色，对传统文化的重新认识和现代转化与当代治理体系建设具有很强的理论价值与实践价值。

关键词：荀子  儒家  治道  礼法合治

Abstract: The Zhou Dynasty used the patriarchal division to achieve centuries of stability and development, which was a huge temptation for the thinkers of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, regardless of whether they agreed with the manner of courtesy of the Zhou Dynasty. This temptation was reflected in the common quest of the good governance. The conspiracy of ideology and politics is the only way to achieve the governance, and this is the capital that the vassals can strengthen their power to join the hegemony. In the process of this reform, the Confucian was neglected because of its pedantry, but on the contrary, the legalism was much favored. The Legalism prevailed because of practical political effects, which was a fatal shock to the Confucian who lived as orthodox heirs of the Zhou Dynasty. It was an important problem for Xunzi about how to inherit the reasonable political wisdom and institutional resources of the Zhou Dynasty, improve the credibility and validity of Confucianism, and achieve the fusion of Confucianism and realistic politics under the background that the Legalism prevailed and all countries adopted their doctrines to change the law.

Xunzi designed a system for the melee situation in the late Warring States Period, which was used for a country's internal governance and foreign policy at that time, and also served as a guide for the order construction of the unified country in the future. This institutional system included two main parts: Li and law. Unlike Mencius'idealistic Wang Dao description, Xunzi had a strong realistic character, and his goal was to find a way to control chaos for the world. As a heir to Confucianism, Xunzi adhered to the Confucian standpoint, taking Li as the core concept, and developing the traditional ritual system into an all-encompassing normative system. At the same time, in the face of the popularity of the legalism, Xunzi critically absorbed the idea of the rule of law, making the law an important norm to supplement the rule of Li. It can be seen that Xunzi promoted the Li to the central position of the entire ideological system, incorporated the law into the Confucian vision, and promoted the integration of rituals and laws.

Specifically, the first chapter of this article discusses the background including the social, political and cultural aspects; the second chapter discusses the historical evolution of the Li and law including the Six Scriptures, the Confucius and Mencius, the Taoism, and the legalism; Chapter 3 discusses the theoretical basis including the metaphysical foundation, humanity basis and its historical basis; Chapter 4 summarizes the nature of the Li and law; chapter 5 discusses the origin of the Li and law, including the subjectivity, objectivity, and authoritative; Chapter 6 analyzes the ideological characteristics of Xunzi's idea of combining Li and law; Chapter 7 discusses the influence of Xunzi's thoughts on Li and law on Qin and Han dynasty.

This article uses Xunzi's thought of Li and law as the starting point to explore the connotation, characteristics and value of traditional Chinese civilization, from which we can see the characteristics of traditional Chinese society in order construction and social management, which has a strong theoretical and practical value important for re-understanding of traditional culture and modern transformation and contemporary governance system construction.

Key Words: Xunzi   Confucius   Principle of governance   Combination of Li and law

导师：李中华教授