摘要：荀子是战国末期最为重要的儒家思想家，同时，他也是法家代表人物韩非的老师。荀子生活的时代处于礼的秩序渐渐移动到法的秩序的社会变革之中。在这样的时代背景下，荀子为了实现自己的政治社会理想，试图将儒家的礼治思想与法家的理论在理论构建及现实实践中融合起来，从而对儒家的思想理论有所发明和发展。本论文的目的就在于重新发掘荀子所提倡的“礼法合治”思想的内容、特点与价值意义。

 首先，本文介绍和描述荀子礼法合治思想提出的时代背景，然后从天人关系、人性论、本体论等方面讨论礼法合治思想的理论基础。讨论主要围绕荀子对“天”、“人”的理解、礼法与“性恶论”之间的关系、荀子所强调的差别原则等几个方面进行，考察这几个方面对于礼法合治这一理论具有怎样的意义。

其次,考察荀子的“礼”和“法”的概念及其两者之间的相互关系。为了实现礼法合治的理想，荀子一方面致力于对从前儒家之“礼”重新塑造，另一方面吸收法家的“法”理论并应用于社会治理的具体层面。所以荀子主张礼法并举，创建了“礼法”结构的新范式。本文在此深入讨论并细致分析了礼法之间结构上的特点与从中所产生的具体又多样的相互关系。

在社会治理的层面中，本文将讨论礼法合治所决定的治国理论，在社会操作方面将会如何展现，比如礼法合治的理论构建和以礼学为基础的教化之间有着怎样的关系。此部分分为富国论、民生论、教育论等几个方面，目的则是一以贯之，各方面都是重点考察礼法合治理论所具有的社会实践层面的意义。通过考察，礼法机制对富国富民、对社会弱势阶层的福利和保障等都可以被清晰地展现。这种考察对于现代社会来说，也具有积极的参考意义。

 最后,本文论述荀子礼法合治的思想在汉代产生的影响。首先，秦朝的迅速灭亡意味着法家思想的局限和实践上的部分失败，汉初诸儒到武帝时期的董仲舒，均将秦国的失败当做汉朝治国的教训，从而治国基础重新以儒家为主。其次，在实践上，法律的儒家化、德主刑辅论及礼法一体等政治实践，可以看作为荀子礼法合治思想在现实层面的展开。在这个意义上，荀子可以被看作是汉代礼法社会的理论奠基人。

“礼法合治”的思想经过汉代实践，在以后的年代里，它作为治国理论的基本模式，对中国的社会结构产生了深远甚至是支配性的影响。从而，荀子礼法合治思想的意义在于，它不仅给中国先秦哲学带来儒学的新发展，更在于他让儒家、法家的思想在理论层面融合的基础上，还要与社会实践层面紧密结合起来，这是战国后期最为重要的理论融合和创新。荀子的这种思维模式，不只是一种不同与往的方法，更是一种超前之方法。

关键词：荀子  礼  法  礼法  礼法合治

Abstract: Xun Zi was the most important Confucian philosopher in the late period of the Warring States. He was also a teacher of Han Fei Zi, a Legalist philosopher. Xun Zi lived in peculiar circumstances, living through a societal transition from a ruling order based on ritual to a ruling order based on law. Under these circumstances, Xun Zi attempted a reasonable consolidation of Confucian beliefs with the reality of society. In order to realize his political and social ideologies, and to complete the transition from the old era to the new era, he proposed an integration of ritual and law. This paper investigates the characteristics and meaning of Xun Zi's ideas on integrating ritual and law.

 First, the periodic backdrop of this integration of ritual and law is explained, and an argument is provided regarding the theoretical foundation upon which the idea of integrating ritual and law was established. This argument is derived from Xun Zi's position on the relationship between nature and human beings, a theory of human nature, his principles, and his understanding of all things.

Second, Xun Zi's teachings on ritual and law, as well as their relationship, are examined. To realize the ideology of integrating ritual and law, Xun Zi emphasized a reorganization of the existing rituals of Confucianism while actively adopting and applying Legalist ideas. By adopting aspects of both ritual and law, Xun Zi established a new theoretical paradigm of ritual and law in Chinese philosophy. This paper meticulously analyzes the structural relationship between ritual and law, including the specific and diverse relationships arising from their interaction.

 This paper explores how Xun Zi's new governing policy, integrating ritual and law, was implemented in practice as well as its impact on society. His ideas on integrating ritual and law are reflected in the theory of the wealth of nations, the theory of livelihood, and the theory of education. By examining these theories, we can identify how Xun Zi's mechanism of ritual and law works and functions in specific governing policies, as well as how it provides and guarantees the theoretical foundations for each policy.

Last, the influence of Xun Zi's ideas on the Han Dynasty are discussed. The quick rise and fall of the Qin Dynasty illustrates the limitations and failures of Legalism. Drawing on lessons from the defeat of the Qin Dynasty, Dong Zhong-shu endeavored to restore the morality of Confucianism with anti-Legalist policies, imbuing elements of Confucianism in the law and implementing policies that replaced punishment with virtue and equalized ritual with law. Eventually, he succeeded in realizing the integration of ritual and law that Xun Zi had advocated. Although various problems ensued, there is no doubt that Dong Zhong-shu inherited and modified Xun Zi's ideology.

This shows the value and meaning of Xun Zi's ideas on integrating ritual and law, as they led to new changes in perception and the further development of Confucianism in China. Going beyond conventional methods and moderately different attempts, Xun Zi applied a transcendental approach to old ideas. His contributions are invaluable, as the idea of integrating ritual and law provided a basic formula for theories on governing the country, from the Han Dynasty to contemporary society.

Key Words: Xun zi   Ritual   Law   Ritual and Law   Integration of Ritual and Law

导师：汤一介教授、李中华教授