摘要：吕祖谦（1137—1181）作为南宋理学名家，与朱熹、张栻、陈亮、陆九渊等人并称于世，并开浙东学术一脉。但因文献整理、研究角度之故，过往对于吕祖谦的研究仍有诸多缺憾之处。本文研究主旨，就在于以新整理出版的《吕祖谦全集》为基础，梳理吕祖谦的学问脉络，展现其学术内在理路，重建其义理体系，并以此给予其在学术史上更准确的定位。

对于吕祖谦之传统研究，如视吕祖谦之学为“博杂”、“重史”、功利主义等“偏见”，皆有朱子学视域之影响。本文以此破题，以《朱子语类》第122卷《吕伯恭》为切入点，辨析朱熹对于吕祖谦之真实看法及其流变。

对于吕祖谦的传统研究，亦多以朱子学的理论范式，从理气、心理关系看待吕祖谦的学问系统，多将其学问判定为折中朱陆。本文以吕祖谦文献为基础，探究吕祖谦思想的内在理路，构建了始于天道观，贯通政治哲学、心性论、历史哲学，并归于境界论的吕祖谦学问体系。

本文将吕祖谦的天道观分疏为至公至明、自然无伪、生生不息三层，强调了此三层义理之间的内在联系，并将之贯穿于吕祖谦政治哲学、心性论、历史哲学、境界论的分析始终，展现了吕祖谦学问的一贯性与潜在的系统性，尤其是吕祖谦基于天道观而展开的圣人境界，更是呈现了南宋理学家中与朱熹截然不同的境界可能，为判定吕祖谦在理学史上的地位提供了新的角度。

本文虽全盘占有吕祖谦文献，却不力求对吕祖谦的义理作全盘解析，而侧重于以更妥帖的文献，就吕祖谦研究中的难点、盲区和误区做原创性的解读，将更符合吕祖谦本人学问宗旨的义理纳入到南宋思想史的讨论之中，并由此对现有南宋思想史研究中的一些宏观结论作出补充和修正。

吕祖谦经史并重的治学风格，使其文献呈现出非典型理学著作的特征，本文重点处理了《大事记》等过往吕祖谦研究中不被重视的文献，并借此探索中国哲学史研究中对非典型理学文献解读的方法论。

关键词：吕祖谦  天道观  大事记  圣人境界

Abstract: Lv Zuqian(1137—1181), renowned Confucian scholar in Southern Song Dynasty who founded Zhedong School, was paralleling with Zhu Xi, Zhang Shi, Chen Liang and Lu Jiuyuan. Previously, the research of Lv Zuqian has deficiencies. On the basis of The Collection of Lv Zuqian which is newly released, this article aims to clear up the system of Lv Zuqian's knowledge, demonstrate its venation, rebuild its theoretical system and correct its academic status.

Traditionally, the research of Lv Zuqian was heavily influenced by Zhu Zi's philosophy, regarding Lv's knowledge as multifarious and disorderly, even utilitarian. Studying from Lv Bo Gong(《吕伯恭》), volume 122 of Zhu Zi Yu Lei(《朱子语类》), this article discriminates Zhu Xi's original opinion on Lv Zuqian and its variation.

The research of Lv Zuqian has always treated the system of Lv's knowledge from the relationship of Zhu Xi's Li and Qi, and judged Lv's knowledge as the balance of Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan. Based on documents of Lv Zuqian, this article explores the interior venation of Lv Zuqian's knowledge and builds the system of his philosophy which starts from the Principle of Nature, throughout political philosophy, Principle of Mind and Nature, philosophy of history and end up with the Spiritual Realm Theory.

This article divides the Principle of Nature into three levels——righteous, natural and endless, emphasizes the internal link of three levels and throughout the analysis of political philosophy, Principle of Mind and Nature, philosophy of history and the Spiritual Realm Theory, which reveal the consistency and systematicness of Lv Zuqian's knowledge. Especially the Spiritual Realm of Sage, which is spread on the basis of the Principle of Nature by Lv Zuqian, demonstrate the state of Confucian scholar in Southern Song Dynasty who are totally different from Zhu Xi, and provides new point of view to judge Lv Zuqian' status in the history of Neo Confucianism.

Instead of explaining Lv Zuqian's philosophy generally, this article emphasizes on originally interpreting the difficulty, blind spot and misunderstanding of the research of Lv Zuqian, brings Lv Zuqian's philosophy into the discussion of intellectual history of Southern Song Dynasty, thus completes and corrects some macroscopical conclusions of the research of intellectual history of Southern Song Dynasty.

Lv Zuqian emphasized on both canon and history, which make his documents have characteristic of atypical Neo Confucianism works. This article primarily discusses document which is not valued in the past research, such as Da Shi Ji(《大事记》), to explore methodology to interpret atypical Neo Confucianism works.

Key Words: Lv Zuqian   the Principle of Nature   Da Shi Ji   the Spiritual Realm of Sage

导师：魏常海教授