摘要：本文的目的意在分析荀子的哲学理论中和政治建构有关的思想论述，所以题目为荀子的政治哲学。荀子的政治哲学，有三个基础，分别为荀子的天人关系、人性论、心性关系。在荀子的天人关系中，荀子所言的天，和人在职能上作了区分，即天有天道，人有人道，天道在于天的自然职能，人道在于人基于自己的本性而进行的礼义建立。在此问题上，荀子的观点为天人相分。先秦的关于天的观点有其源流，但是荀子对于天的看法，和道家相近，而不同于传统的天命观。在人性论部分，荀子的人性论接近于生之谓性。在此之前，告子与孟子有过论辩，本文把荀子放在与孟子对话的基础上，来厘清两者对于人性的界定和由此所产生的一系列政治哲学的问题，另外对于荀子的人性论与韩非的人性论做了区分和比较，以考察二者政治哲学人性论基础的不同。荀子哲学的一个重要概念为化性起伪，这是在心的认知功能之下才能发生的，荀子对于认知之心的重视是荀子心性论哲学的重要特点，其决定了政治哲学序列中，不管是实践主体还是礼法结构的一系列区别。荀子对于心的论述不同于孟子，由此造成了两者对于善恶或者道德与否的认识不同。这种不同，可以突出标准的确立对于区分善恶的意义。在礼法社会一章中，考察的是圣人和君主的关系，为何圣人所制定的礼具有重要意义，其对话参考者为韩非，因为在韩非的政治哲学中，礼之一环，是被去掉的，荀子的目的在于在实践主体上依靠士大夫整体，在制度上依靠礼法制度建立起理想的王道政治，所以，圣人、礼制这两个环节，皆不可去。荀子虽然也提霸道，但是霸道并非最终追寻的目标，在理论上，霸道是有可能转向王道的，和王道政治并不是冲突的关系。荀子理论建构的成败，可以通过汉代的政治实践来加以说明，汉代政治实践，具有荀子政治哲学理论的某些特征，特别是经学和政治的关系，所以最后一章，意在考察经学政治在荀子的政治哲学中占有的地位和意义。

关键词：天人关系  心性  礼法  王霸之辩  经学政治

Abstract：This paper tries to explain ideas about Xunzi's political instructions in his philosophical theories, so the title is Xunzi's Political Philosophy. There are three key points in Xunzi's Political Philosophy, which are the relationship between Tian and human beings, the mind-nature theory and the relationship between heart and human nature. In the relationship between haven and man, Xunzi distinguished the role of Tian and human beings. Specifically, Tian has its Tao, and human beings also have its Taos. What's more, Tian shows its nature laws, while human beings try to establish etiquettes under its human nature. That is to say, Xunzi accept that there's a division between Tian and human beings. As we know, Xunzi's opinion of Tian is similar to Taoism, but different from the traditional concept of destiny. In the mind-nature theory, Xunzi's opinions of mind-nature theory close to the idea that human nature is a nature gift got from their birth. There's an argument between Mencius(孟子) and Gaozi(告子) because of this question, so the paper try to clarify different opinions between Mencius(孟子) and Xunzi(荀子) on the question of human nature, and try to seek series Political Philosophy questions through putting them on the basis of dialogue. In addition, the paper tries to compare different opinions on human nature between Xunzi(荀子) and Hanfei(韩非), and investigates their different Political Philosophy because of different opinions of human nature. To change humanity by man-made is an important concept in Xunzi's philosophy, and this process happens under the cognition of heart. Xunzi attaches great importance to cognitive mind is an important characteristic of Xunzi's theory of mind philosophy, and this decided series of differences between practical subject and etiquette structure in Xunzi's political philosophy. Xunzi's discourse on the heart is different from Meng Zi, which has resulted in different understanding of human nature is good or evil, and moral or not. In the chapter of social etiquette, we try to study the relationship between the saints and the monarch, and the main question is why the Etiquette made by the Saints played such an important role. In Hanfei's opinion, etiquette can be canceled. But in Xunzi's opinion, when people try to establish a ruling order, they rely on the whole of the scholar bureaucrat in the practice subject, and depend on the system of etiquette to establish an ideal way of politics(王道) in the institutions. So, the Saints and the Etiquette should not be canceled. Xunzi also promote the rule by force of dictators(霸道), but he emphasize that rule by force of dictators is not ultimate goal. Theoretically, it is possible to benevolent that rule by force of dictators to an ideal way of politics, and there's no conflict between them. The success or failure of the construction of Xunzi's theory can be explained by the political practice in the Han Dynasty. The political practice of the Han Dynasty reflected some features of Xunzi's political philosophy theory, especially the relationship between Classics and politics. So in the last chapter, we intended to investigate the status and significance of Classics in Xunzi's political philosophy.

Key Words: the relationship between Tian and human beings   nature   mind-nature theory   etiquette   law

导师：李中华教授