摘要：《尚书》向来以佶屈聱牙著称，再加上古文材料的辨伪，历来多胶着于版本文献，现有研究虽然有逐渐加广的趋势，仍以经学、史学领域为主；即便触角及于思想史、哲学史，主要聚焦于政治思想或宗教意识。整体说来，《尚书》思想的研究，目前仍以单一篇章或范畴居多。本篇论文则以天人观为中心，贯串全书，并结合经典诠释与体证，体现全书精义，试图弥补中国哲学奠基期的不足。
本文的特点大致有三：第一是下足基本功，结合个人独到的体会，如实反映原典的义涵；第二是以天人观为主轴，结合古文与今文材料，建立全面的意义系统，兼及对后世儒、墨两家，以及当代的影响；第三是透过现代汉语的转译或改写，使引文更容易理解，全文的书写也因为写作之初，就设定了与社会大众分享学术成果的初衷，因此更为通俗，也更具亲和力。
通过天人观，可以理解《尚书》尽管高举“天命”的大旗，其真实内涵应是“以天为根，以人为本”，敬天却不轻人，重人却不离天，天人之间保有微妙的平衡，一如孔子在鲁桓公庙所见的欹器。圣王贤相以“代天牧民”解读“天命”，天命加身的意义，因此远非大权在握的傲慢，而是任重道远的承担。“天”在先哲眼中，不只代表上帝，更是运化于无形的“天道”。敬天在人间的具体实践，因此是透过政治与教化双轨并进，维持人间的和谐秩序。也唯有通过天人观的视角，才能理解先哲表现出的“神性”之所以远大于“人性”，并非儒者刻意涂脂抹粉的结果，而是天命意识的如实反映。
选定《尚书》作为研究对象，最大的理由在《尚书》对中华文化的根源意义。除了形塑儒家的政治哲学，对“外王”的影响广为人知之外，《尚书》同时也定义了传统的“内圣”；墨家兼爱、非攻的要求，根源就在《尚书》爱民的“天志”。至于这部上古之书对当代的正面意义，则是提供迥异的参考思维，跳脱只知有“己”，不知有“人”，只知有“人”，不知有“天”的局限。透过天人观，看见超越平面人间的立体视野。“人”的定位，不再只是感官俱足的生理性存在，而是涵融了道德理性的灵性生命。在这个全新定义的存在体中，同时兼摄了“天”与“人”，“他者”与“自我”。
重申天人观，不在请回上帝，建立上帝或鬼神信仰；而在思索天道对人生意义的启发。重天轻人，放弃人事的努力固然不可取；重人轻天，以人类为中心的自大思维，所引起的种种后患已经是当代不得不正视的重大课题。《尚书》天人观的意义，当在使汲汲于名利的现代人重新思索“人”在天地之间的可能定位，进而以“天”为理想的高标，作为现实人间行动的指导，成就真正意义的“人”。
关键词：尚书 天人关系 内圣外王 敬天法祖 德惟善政
Abstract："Book" has always been known to read awkwardly, plus debate pseudo-classical material has always been more than version stalemate literature, although there is a gradual increase existing research broad trend, still classical studies, art history-based; even antennae and in history, the history of philosophy thought mainly focused on political ideology or religious consciousness. Research on "Book" idea is currently still mostly a single article or a single category, this paper placesharmonious relationas the center, throughout the book, combined with the classical interpretation of the body of evidence, reflect the essence of the book, trying to make up the foundation of Chinese Philosophy deficiencies.
Features of this paper are basically three: the first is to do the basics enough, combined with the unique personal experience, faithfully reflect the true meaning of the original canon; the second isharmonious relationfor the spindle, combined classical and the Jinwen, New Text, to establish a comprehensive system of meaning, and concurrently to the later Confucianism, Mohism, as well as contemporary influence; third is the use of modern Chinese translation or rewrite to make citations easier to understand, but also because of the beginning of the text written writing, it is set to share academic achievement and community mind, and therefore more popular, but also more user-friendly.
By the harmonious relation, understands the "Book" often emphasizes "manifest destiny", which should be the true meaning of the "Heaven for the roots, people-oriented" ,Respect The heaven but not ignore people,pay attention topeople as well as heaven, between Heaven and man a delicate balance. "Heaven" in the eyes of the sage, do not represent God, it is the transport of the invisible "Heaven." Respect in practice the world, so the world is to maintain harmony and order through political indoctrination. And only through the perspective of heaven and man, in order to understand the sages exhibited "divinity" has been much larger than the "human nature" is not the result Confucian deliberate whitewash, but rather to reflect the true sense of manifest destiny.
Select "Book" as an object of study, the biggest reason "Book" to the root of Chinese culture significance. In addition to shaping the Confucian political philosophy, on "Outside" is well known, the "Book" also defines the traditional "Saint"; Mohist universal love, non-offensive aspirations, rooted caring for people as God’s will in the"Book". As this ancient book on contemporary positive meaning, is to provide reference for thinking different, escape only aware of "self". Through Harmonious relation concept, three-dimensional field of vision to see beyond the human plane. "Man" position, not just the presence of physiological eating and sleeping, but combining the spiritual life of moral reason. In the presence of this new definition of the body, and at the same time taken the "God" and "Man", "The Other" and "self."
Reaffirming harmonious relation, is not to establish belief of God or spirits; butpondering the meaning of life inspired by Heaven. Worship God, of course, to give up the personal effort is certainly undesirable; yet, the human centered, arrogant thinking, caused by all kinds of troubles is contemporary had to face a major issue. The meaning of this research is to remind modern people which so engrossed in their fame and fortune re-thinking "person" may be positioned between heaven and earth, and then to "heaven" as the ideal high standard, as the reality of human action guidance, achievement the true meaning of "person."
Key Words: The Book Harmonious Relation Saint and Emperor Heaven and Ancestors Worship Good Politics as Morality
导师：汤一介教授、张广保教授
