摘要：在朱子之后的理学发展中，对于朱子学将理气分为形上形下的思路，出现了许多反思和批评的思想。朱子之后，理学发展的主流趋势是：不再严格区分理气的形上形下区分，而是拉近理气的距离，以理为气之理，主张理气合一。表现在人性论上，则出现了同化天命之性与气质之性，主张性气合一、心气合一的思想。本论文即主要针对理学史的这类思路在明代心学中的表现，围绕“明代心学的气论”这一论题，探讨了明代心学中关于气的思想，对于明代心学理气合一、性气合一、心气合一的基本倾向，作出了分析与解释。本文围绕关于气的理论，讨论十二位明代心学思想家的思想，包括：王阳明，蒋信，王畿，王艮，罗汝芳，胡直，王时槐，季本，唐枢，唐鹤征，杨东明，与刘宗周。通过对以上思想家的个案式研究，本文概括了明代心学的一般特征：理气合一、性气合一、心气合一，把明代心学气论的发展脉络梳理为一条正反合的发展线索，指出心学的气论与理学及气学学派对气的理解的差异所在，并且分析了为何必须把心学围绕气所建立的合一性理论理解为心学思想的内在组成部分。通过个案研究与总体把握的结合，本文就对“明代心学的气论”这一论题，作出了一个比较全面的研究。

关键词：明代心学  理气合一  性气合一  心气合一

Abstract:In the development of Neo-Confucianism after Zhu Xi, there have been many reflections and criticisms to the metaphysical distinction between Li(理) and Qi(气) in the philosophy of Zhu Xi. The mainstream of the development of Neo-Confucinanism is: no longer strictly making the metaphysical distinction between Li and Qi, but narrowing the distance of them, regarding the Li as the principle of Qi, advocating the integrated relationship of Li and Qi. Reflected in the field of the theory of human nature, there have appeard the trend of joint of Heavenly Nature(天命之性)和Temperamental Nature(气质之性), advocating the union of Nature and Qi, Mind and Qi. This thesis mainly aims at demonstrating this sort of thinking in the philosophy of Mind in Ming Dynasty, and focuses on the topic of "the theory of Qi in Ming dynasty", discussing the theory of Qi in Heartology, analysing and interpreting the integrated relationship of Li and Qi, Nature and QI, as well as Mind and Qi. This thesis focuses on the theory of Qi, discussing the thought of twelve thinkers in Ming Dynasty, including: Wang Yangming, Jiang Xin, Wang Ji, Wang Gen, Luo Rufang, Hu Zhi, Wang Shihuai, Ji Ben, Tang Shu, Tang Hezheng, Yang Dongming,Liu Zongzhou. Through the case study of the above thinkers, this thesis summarizes the general features of the Heartology in Ming Dynasty: the united relationship of Li and Qi, Nature and Qi, as well as Mind and Qi. This thesis abstracts a dialectical course of the development of the Qi theory. This thesis points out the difference of the Qi theory in the school of Wang Yangming from that in the school of Zhu Xi's descendants along with the Ontology of Qi(气本论). This thesis also analyzes the necessity that regards the theory of oneness as the intrinsic component of Heartology. Through case study and overall outline, this thesis has made a comprehensive study on the topic of "the theory of Qi in the philosophy of Mind in Ming Dynasty".

Key Words:the philosophy of Mind in Ming Dynasty   the oneness of Li and Qi   the oneness of Nature and Qi   the oneness of Mind and Qi

导师：陈来教授