摘要：李氏朝鲜（1392-1910）自建国以来，奉行“事大”原则，先后与明、清两朝缔结朝贡关系。双方多有使者往还。朝鲜使者来华，留下行纪，学界一般统称为《燕行录》；与之相对应，明、清使者赴朝，也有诗文传世，可以统称为《使朝鲜录》。本论文即以清朝遣使朝鲜与清朝使臣的《使朝鲜录》为研究对象，从制度规定与具体实施之间有差异这一角度出发，重点分析嘉道以来清朝与朝鲜关系史。

本论文首先追溯清朝遣使朝鲜的规定，结合现存相关档案，揭示嘉庆朝重修《大清会典》中遣使朝鲜人员选择的规定与道光以后具体实施之间的差异。由此再引申到清朝在嘉、道之际，科举出身地位官员身份上升，此种内政变化影响到对外关系，正与遣使朝鲜人员选择发生变化相对应。

与清朝派遣使臣相对应，朝鲜的接待方面，朝鲜自己遵循早先同样使行内容的成例作准备，但其准备仍受到清朝每次具体使行影响而有所变化。清朝历代皇帝屡次降旨减免朝鲜对使臣的赠礼，严格限制使臣的求请，以减轻朝鲜接待负担。但就实际情况而言，清朝奉使朝鲜的使臣，在颁布谕旨之时尚严格遵守规定，相关赠礼等，不久即恢复，一直延续到清末。

在有关制度的论述以后，再从使臣行纪文献来看，现存清朝《使朝鲜录》数量不多。作者集中在道光出使的使臣以后，与清朝派遣使臣科举出身、文官身份有关。此一时期的《使朝鲜录》还有鲍照、欧阳修以来游记为主的纪程撰写特点。至崇礼《奉使朝鲜日记》，汇编朝鲜使行各种文牍档案，可以看作是清朝应对近代西方冲击产生近代化变化的一种表现。

制度、文献角度观察之外，本论文还以倭仁、魁龄、锡珍、崇礼四人出使为例，关注道、咸以后，受到西方势力影响，清朝、朝鲜各自内政外交都逐渐发生变化，清朝与朝鲜暂时的稳定关系也开始动摇，直至19世纪末，传统朝贡关系下清朝遣使朝鲜的行动彻底停止。

费正清以《大清会典》等资料为基础，论述清朝的“朝贡体系”，对后世影响极大。本论文通过具体使行的分析，对费正清赖以利用的《大清会典》规定，提出一定质疑，论述清朝实际自道光朝以后，在遣使朝鲜方面，已经与《大清会典》出现差异。这种差异，是清朝内政影响对外关系的结果。这种影响，同样体现在清朝使臣《使朝鲜录》的撰写传抄方面。理解这一点，反思费正清“朝贡体系”等论断，可以进一步加深对清朝与朝鲜关系的认识。

关键词：清朝  朝鲜  《使朝鲜录》  《大清会典》  朝贡体系

Abstract:Since the founding of Joseon dynasty (1392-1910) , it has pursued the principle of "Shi Da"(事大) and successively concluded tributary relations with the Ming and Qing dynasties. There are many messengers on both sides. The Joseon envoys came to China to stay in the down discipline. The academic community is generally referred to asYan Xing Lu (《燕行录》). Correspondingly, Ming and Qing ambassadors went to the Joseon dynasty, and poems were also handed down. They can be collectively referred to asShi Joseon Lu (《使朝鲜录》). This paper is based on the Qing Dynasty sent Joseon and the Qing Dynasty envoy'sShi Joseon Lu(《使朝鲜录》) as the research object, starting from the perspective of the difference between the system regulations and the specific implementation, and focusing on the analysis of the history of the Qing Dynasty and Joseon since the Jiadao-Korean relations.

This paper first traces the Qing dynasty's regulations for the transfer of Joseon, and combines existing archives to reveal the differences between the regulations for the reintroduction of Joseon personnel and the specific implementation of Jiaqing during the reconsideration of theDa Qing Hui Dian(《大清会典》). From this point on, it was further extended to the time of the Qing Dynasty at the time of Jia and Dao that the status of officials of the Qing dynasty as a status quo increased. Such changes in internal affairs affect external relations and are corresponding to changes in the selection of Joseon personnel.

Corresponding to the Qing Dynasty dispatched envoys, Joseon's reception, the Joseons themselves follow the same precedent as the previous preparations for the contents of the line to prepare, but its preparation is still affected by the specific actions of the Qing Dynasty each time has changed. The emperors of the Qing emperors repeated their decrees to reduce Joseon's gifts to envoys and severely restrict envoys'requests in order to reduce the burden on Joseon's reception. However, as to the actual situation, the Qing dynasty enlisted Joseon envoys to strictly abide by the rules and regulations, related gifts, etc., and soon resumed until the end of the Qing Dynasty.

After the discussion of the relevant system, from the perspective of the official documents of the envoys, the number of the existing Qing Dynasty records of "Shi Joseon Lu (《使朝鲜录》)was small. The author focused on the envoys of Daoguang's envoys and related to the identity of the civil servants and civil servants sent by the Qing dynasty. During this period,Shi Joseon Lu(《使朝鲜录》)also features the voyages written by Bao Zhao and Ouyang Xiu. To Chongli'sDiary of the Joseon, the compilation of Joseon's archives of various types can be seen as a manifestation of the modernization of the Qing dynasty in response to modern Western shocks.

In addition to the observations from the institutional and literature perspectives, this paper also took the example of Queren, Quingling, Xizhen, and Chongli. After focusing on Taoism and saltiness, it was influenced by Western forces. The internal affairs and diplomacy of the Qing and Joseons gradually took off. Changes, the temporary stable relations between the Qing Dynasty and Joseon also began to waver until the end of the nineteenth century, the traditional tributary relations under the Qing Dynasty sent to Joseon completely stopped.

John King Fairbankdiscussed the "tributary system" of the Qing Dynasty on the basis of materials such as theDa Qing Hui Dian (《大清会典》) and exerted great influence on later generations. This paper has made some doubts about the regulations of theDa Qing Hui Dian (《大清会典》) used by Fairbank through concrete analysis of the line. After the actual Qing Dynasty's Daoguang Dynasties, it has already been associated with theDa Qing Hui Dian (《大清会典》) in the transfer of Joseon. There are differences. This difference is the result of the internal affairs of the Qing dynasty affecting foreign relations. This influence is also reflected in the transmission of the drafting of theShi Joseon Lu (《使朝鲜录》)by the Qing Dynasty envoys. To understand this point, rethinking the judgment of Fairbank's "tribute system" can further deepen the understanding of the relations between the Qing and Joseon dynasty.

Key Words:Qing dynasty   Joseon dynasty   Shi Joseon Lu   Da Qing Hui Dian   tributary system

导师：安平秋教授