摘要: 《三经义》这部曾经取代《五经正义》、《七经义疏》，在北宋中后期衡文取士达60年之久的国家教科书，曾被元祐时人视为“沉酣《六经》，贯通理致，学者归向”、“有天下公论所在”的新经学著作，曾被王应麟视为北宋经学学风风向目标代表，时至今日，有关其经学特点和经学性质的研究成果尚显不足，还有进一步深入和系统研究的必要。应该说，我们仍然无法为其做出一个与之曾经的历史地位相匹配的学术定位与经学史评价，这不仅制约着北宋经学史研究水平的整体提升，也在一定程度上制约着宋学研究走向深入。鉴于此，本论文在尽可能广泛吸收前人多方面研究成果的基础上，立足于经学论域之内，尝试多角度对这个问题进行考察，以期能较为准确深入地认识和把握《三经义》的经学特点和性质，并进而对其在北宋经学史和宋学发展史上所处的地位作出较为客观准确的评价。
从篇章结构上来说，本论文是从文本、学术定位和思想背景三个大的方面对《三经义》展开综合研究的。文本研究部分，基于《三经义》是一部佚籍，本论文一方面对《三经义》初撰成时的形态和各方面属性进行了较为深入的考察，另一方面则对其辑佚文本、辑佚历史以及涉及到的相关学术论题进行了较为细致的梳理与研究，希望藉此能为准确认识《三经义》的文本形态、文本源流、学术特质与思想内涵等准备必要的依据，也为全篇的论述打下一个较为坚实的基础。
学术定位部分，在准确把握“经汉学”与“经宋学”这两个中国经学史上主要经学形态在学理分野上的基本特征的前提下，从学术传承与创新之间的辨正关系出发，将《三经义》置于经学发展的知识框架和学术传统之内，从《三经义》本身的体制义例、训诂特点和“经汉学”与“经宋学”的学理分野两个层面对《三经义》在形式和内容两个方面对汉唐经学传统的“承”与“变”问题进行考察。
思想部分则是本论文为了能更深入理解和把握《三经义》的学术气质、学术定位等问题而为全文设置的认识背景。本论文在写作的过程中希望达成的一个研究目的，就是能以共情之态度，同情之了解，对生活在11世纪的作为政治家和经学家的王安石的学术立场、思想历程，以及其之所以如此思考之逻辑与道理进行探究，并最终将其作为考察与分析《三经义》的理论和认识背景。
从研究目标与讨论的问题来说，本论文在主要分析探讨了《三经义》的经学特点、与汉唐经学传统的关系以及其在北宋经学史和宋学发展史上所处的地位等研究目标的同时，也对其书名体制、修撰性质、辑佚成果、解释目标、思想内容等这些较为重要的问题进行了讨论，其中如对《三经义》书名、官修性质、解经目标等这些长期存在误解误读问题的辨正，为厘清《三经义》研究史上一些既有结论的“源”与“流”而对晁公武、杨时、朱熹等早期学者有关《三经义》研究结论与研究性质所作的辨析，为讨论王安石“阙疑”思想而对王安石不解《考工记》与后来宋儒所倡“《冬官》不亡说”之间的本质差别所作的考论，以及对王安石与《三经义》研究中长期存在的具有“普遍性”意义的偏见、误读现象的揭示等，都是前人没有深入研究过的问题。此外，在一些具体问题的论述中，为获得更为充分的第一手论据，也做了一些针对具体问题的考论，如对《朱文公文集》和《朱子语类》这两部较为全面呈现朱熹生平志趣、创作交游、政治立场、思想学术的著作中论及王安石及其学术的相关文字所做的调查统计，对《周礼义》中王安石在郑《注》基础上进行的辨正补充内容所做的调查分析，以及对《三经义》中“以《字说》解经”现象的具体考察与辨析等，也是前人没有做过的工作。
基于对《宋史》等宋代文献史料秽杂曲附一面的认识，以及对小说家言游谈无根、多无稽失实情况的忌惮，本论文在史料的取舍上持审慎态度，对于查无旁证的笔记数据一般不予引据，在数种史料有相同或类似记载的情况下，一般不优先引录《宋史》，而更注重依据那些信实度高的第一手材料以及元佑前后的“时论”。
关键词：王安石 《三经义》 经学 北宋
Abstract：TheThree New Commentaries(Sanjingyi三经义)，a national textbook that once replaced “Corrected Interpretations of the Five Classics(Wujingzhengyi五经正义) ” and“Elucidation of the Seven Classics(Qijing Yishu七经义疏)”to be used as a standard in the imperial examinations for sixty years，has won a tremendous reputation in Yuanyou period. Despite its fame as “delving in the thoughts of Liujing, integrating theories and practices, and highly esteemed by scholars”, also regarded as the trend-setter of the academic development of Classical Learning in the Northern Song Dynasty by Wang Yinglin, its study has been greatly overlooked for a long time. Until now, there are only few research of the classic characteristics and nature of this book, thus in-depth exploration and systematic research are obviously necessary. In other words, the fact that we are not able to accurately understand the classical characteristics of this book, as well make a fair judgement on its achievement in the history of classical learning, has restricted us to improve our academic level on classic learning research, and has limited the development in the research of Song Learning. Therefore, based on a large number of previous studies, this dissertation attempts to investigate theThree New Commentariesin the perspective of classical Learning, especially focusing on the classic characteristics and nature, and then make a more objective and accurate evaluation of its academic position in the background of Northern Song classical learning and the Song Learning.
The dissertation’s main body is a comprehensive study of theThree New Commentaries, which contains textual analysis, academic position research and historical context review. Because theThree New Commentariessurvives only in fragments, in the part of textual analysis, on the one hand this study scrutinizes the initial appearance and various attributes when it was first written, and on the other hand, it conducts a more detailed review of the compilation of lost texts, textual history and some related topics. These meticulous investigations prepare necessary background knowledge for the accurately understanding of text form, source materials, academic characteristics and ideological connotation, laying a solid foundation for the further discussion.
In the academic position part, this chapter clarifies the academic characteristics of Classical Learning between the Han and Song Dynasty first. Under such a premise, theThree New Commentariescan be located in the knowledge framework and academic tradition of classical Learning, and be comprehended with the concepts of “Inheritance” and “Innovation”. Emphasizing on its literary form and philological attributes, the chapter examines its“Inheritance”and“Innovation”with the different propositions of Classical Learning in Han and Song Dynasty as a clue .
The “Wang Anshi’s world of thought” sets a cognitive background for the thorough understanding of theThree New Commentaries’ theoretical approaches and academic position. An important research task of this dissertation is to understand a politician and classical Learning scholar who lived in the 11th century with an unbiased and empathetic attitude. Such a stance will help the investigation on his academic standpoint, ideological process, as well as the logic and influencing factors of his thoughts. Consequently, this study enormously expands the knowledge and ideological background of our research of theThree New Commentaries.
As to the research goals and main discussions, this article analyzes theThree New Commentaries’ classical characteristics, its relationship with Han-Tang classical Learning traditions, and its academic position in the Northern Song classical learning and the Song Learning. Besides, regarding its accurate title, literary form, official attributes, lost fragments collecting, hermeneutic goals and ideological connotation，in-depth discussion and research have been carried out in these chapters. Some long-standing controversial views about the book’s title, its national authority, hermeneutic goals have been clarified; influential scholars like Chao Gongwu、Yang Shi snd Zhu Xi’s comments on this book is re-examined and evaluated; to discuss Wang Anshi’s“Leave to doubt”(Queyi阙疑) thought, essential differences between his no comment on“Artificer’s Record”(Kaogongji考工记) and Song Confucians’ proposition of“‘Winter Offices’(Dongguan冬官) survives”have been distinguished carefully. Overall, amounts of misunderstandings and prejudices on Wang Anshi and his book have been revealed after a rather unprecedented and in-depth discussion. Moreover, in the discussion of some specific topics, researches on details also have been made in order to obtain more adequate first-hand materials, providing some valuable text collation and statistical analysis, mainly like extractions and statistics about Zhu Xi’s comments on Wang Anshi and his achievements in theCollected Writings of Zhu Xi(Zhu wengong wenji朱文公文集) andAnalects of Zhu Xi(Zhuzi yulei朱子语类), as well as comparison and analysis on Wang Anshi’s comment and addendum compared to Zheng Xuan’s commentary inEssentials of the Rituals of Zhou(zhouli yi周礼义).
In terms of the use of documentation materials, owing to the idea thatHistory of the Song Dynasty(Songshi宋史) and other official records is rather one-sided, while folk narratives are seriously flooded with rumors and speculations lacking evidence, the research is quite rigorous in the selection of materials, and notes based on single evidence will not be used as a general rule . When several historical materials share the same or similar records, first-hand documents with high reliability and comments of contemporaries are the first choice instead of the History of the Song Dynasty.
Key Words: Wang Anshi Sanjingyi the Classic Leaning Northern Song
导师：孙钦善教授
