摘要：绪论阐明了“用《诗》”与“西汉用《诗》”的所指，西汉用《诗》包括称《诗》引《诗》、阐释型用《诗》、以《诗》为著作素材、因袭《诗》的体裁四类用《诗》形式。阐述了本文的研究对象、思路、目的、意义以及创新价值。并进行了研究现状综述，发现至今尚未有全面系统的西汉用《诗》研究专著问世。

第一章论述用《诗》的观念与方式方法在先秦的渊源。春秋赋《诗》的“引譬连类”和断章取义的方法被西汉用《诗》继承。孔门《诗》教的说《诗》论《诗》反映了“思无邪”的用《诗》观。孟子通过称《诗》引《诗》反映出“《诗》载王道”的用《诗》观和引《诗》说理的目的，这一基本引《诗》目的为西汉所沿用。荀子通过称《诗》引《诗》反映出“隆礼义而杀《诗》《书》”的用《诗》观。

第二章论述西汉前期汉高祖到汉景帝这一阶段的用《诗》，这是西汉经济文化复苏、儒学尚未成为主流的阶段。帝王诏书引《诗》仅见一例，上疏引《诗》亦不多见，是由朝廷不重视儒学的状况决定的。而学者著述用《诗》则呈现多样自由的发展。其中《韩诗外传》和《毛传》属阐释型用《诗》，在解《诗》目的下有意进行偏离诗篇本意的发挥；《新语》、《新书》、《淮南子》都以引《诗》为主。《新书》引《诗》反映了《诗》是教化之具的用《诗》观，引《诗》多用来支持礼制、德治的政治思想。《淮南子》称《诗》表 现出对《诗》的批评和贬低，但书中又有多处引《诗》支持论点，反映出兼容儒、道的驳杂思想状况。

第三章论述西汉中期汉武帝到汉宣帝这一阶段的用《诗》，这是西汉经济、文化、军事达到全盛、儒学开始逐渐被朝廷重视的阶段。出现了帝王诏书引《诗》数条，较上一时期明显增多，是中央提倡儒学的表现。亦出现了更多上疏引《诗》情况，针对此期重要政治事件如削藩推恩、收服西南夷、巫蛊之祸、昌邑王废立等，皆有大臣上疏引《诗》议论进谏，体现出与王朝政治紧密结合的特点。学者著作用《诗》不再自由化，而同样与朝廷政治、经济、意识形态紧密相关。董仲舒《天人三策》和《春秋繁露》引《诗》反映了其向统治者宣扬的天人感应思想。司马迁从《诗》中取材为史，开创了新的用《诗》形式。《盐铁论》记载的双方辩论引《诗》情况涉及经济、匈奴、刑德等诸多问题。

第四章论述西汉后期从汉元帝到西汉灭亡这一阶段的用《诗》，这一时期儒学真正登上了独尊地位，但西汉统治却逐渐衰弱，政权旁落，以致最终亡于王氏外戚。帝王诏书引《诗》较上个时期又有所增多，是元、成二帝好儒的表现。朝臣上疏屡屡称《诗》引《诗》讽谏后妃外戚问题，是由于元成二朝许、赵、王等外戚势力轮番兴起，严重影响了政权的稳定和王朝的根基。学者著作中刘向的《新序》、《说苑》、《列女传》也都是有目的的劝谏之作，尤其《列女传》正是针对汉成帝混乱的后宫问题。《易林》的用《诗》在这一阶段甚为独特，在文体上学习《诗经》四言韵诗体式，在内容上化用诗句、诗意、诗说用于再创作，占卜之书成了一部简短四言韵诗诗集。

西汉用《诗》与政治、经济、社会、文化紧密结合，随王朝政治的变化而变化，发挥了重要的社会功用。在被学《诗》之人因事制宜进行各种应用的过程中，《诗》成了一种赋有高尚道德含义的社会政治工具。

关键词： 用《诗》  引《诗》  西汉《诗经》学  通经致用

Research on Applications of the Book of Poetry during the Western Han Dynasty

Abstract: The exordium explains the signification of applications of The Book of Poetry, and introduces the dissertation which expatiates the topic and research approach.

Chapter one focuses on the Pre-Qin Period. In this period, applications of The Book of Poetry have two basic methods: "yin pi lian lei" and "duan zhang qu yi", which are going to influence applications of Poetry during Han Dynasty. Furthermore, there are some influential conceptions about applications of Poetry:"si wu xie" by Confucius, "shi zai wang dao" by Mencius, "the demotion of Shi and Shu" by Xun Zi.

Chapter two focuses on the period from Hangaozu to Hanjingdi. In this period, economy and civilization have been developing, but Confucianism has not become the dominant ideology. In this period, quotations from Poetry in monarchs' rescripts or ministers' dissuasions is minority. Oppositely, some scholars' books have abundant applications of Poetry. For instance, "Xin Yu" by Lu Jia, "Xin Shu" by Jia Yi, "Han Shi Wai Zhuan" by Han Ying, "Huai Nan Zi" by Liu An. They quote from The Book of Poetry to support their points and ideology.

Chapter three focuses on the period from Hanwudi to Hanxuandi. In this period, Han dynasty's economy, civilization, politics, and military affairs get a prime time. Confucianism has been becoming the dominant ideology. Quotations from Poetry in monarchs' rescripts or ministers' dissuasions become more and have a higher frequency. These applications have close connection to the dynasty's politic affairs. There are also some scholars' books having applications of Poetry. These are "Chun Qiu Fan Lu" by Dong Zhongshu, "Shi Ji" by "Sima Qian", and "Yan Tie Lun". They quote from The Poetry to discuss politics, economic, martial issues.

Chapter four focuses on the period from Hanyuandi to the end of Western Han Dynasty. In this period, Han Dynasty's dominion is waning, and is overthrown by relatives of emperor on the side of his mother or wife. Ministers remonstrate against these relatives by quoting from Poetry frequently. There are also some scholars' books having applications of Poetry. These are "Xin Xu", "Shuo Yuan" and "Lie Nv Zhuan" by Liu Xiang, "Yi Lin" by Cui Zhuan.

Applications of the Book of Poetry during the Western Han Dynasty have close connection to the dynasty's politic affairs, economy, civilization, and social problems. The Book of Poetry have been applied as an available reference, which contains grand moral standard.

Key Words: Applications of the Book of Poetry   Quoting from Poetry   study of Poetry in Han Dynasty   the Western Han Dynasty   Tong-Jing-Zhi-Yong

导师：孙钦善教授