摘要： 《钦定天禄琳琅书目》系我国第一部官修善本目录，在著录体例方面多有创见，于清代藏书家讲究版本鉴定、注重善本著录之风气影响深远，直接开启近世版本目录学之兴盛。所著录书，珠玉毕集，大多递藏有序，当时已诧为人间珍秘。然历经二百余载播迁，1093部仅余其半，如今分散于海内外公私藏家。“天禄琳琅”藏书可谓二百年前中国国家藏书之精华，其收集、典藏、利用、散佚的过程，与国家命运相始终，在历代官府藏书中最具典型性。作为清代历史上的重要文化事件，弄清始末源流，研究其丰富的文化内涵，深入探讨《天禄琳琅书目》在中国目录学史、版本学史上的学术地位，对当前开展“中华古籍保护计划”亦具有一定现实意义。

本文共分四章。

第一章，清宫“天禄琳琅”藏书始末。理清这批善本特藏之来源、特征、焚毁、重建、数量、典守、利用、维护、散佚、现存等基本问题。其中辑录旧闻，再考天禄琳琅前编书被毁之疑案，凿实毁于乾清宫大火之说；以存世实物印证文献记载，再现天禄琳琅前编书之用印原貌，辨析前后编书各自不同的外部特征；备述自清末民初直至上个世纪五十年代，天禄继鉴书的流传散佚；根据近两年的广泛调查，全面揭示天禄琳琅书存世状况，可知后编书十存其九，并分地区概述其收藏源流及特点，各计数量、版本品种，以上皆本文所具开拓之功。

第二章，《天禄琳琅书目》的编纂。详考《书目》前后编之编纂背景、编纂过程，首次提出“目外书”现象，其产生原因与编目过程中的选余和续入有关。探讨于敏中、彭元瑞等编纂者各自贡献，《书目》中体现的乾隆帝的作用及其善本观。据清人档案、日记、笔记所载，以及存世清宫藏书上的线索，考觅当年编纂《天目三编》、《四编》踪迹。最后依抄本、刻本及铅印本、批校本三类，分述《天禄琳琅书目》现存版本情况。

第三章，《天禄琳琅书目》的体例及其影响。剖解《书目》在编排、著录、分类和收录四方面的特点，并从编纂体例、目录体裁、“重在鉴藏”之编目思想三方面，条分缕析其对当时及后世版本目录之影响。

第四章，《天禄琳琅书目》之版本学成就。作为一部版本目录，《天禄琳琅书目》从直观地版本描述，展现历代版刻风貌，到版本鉴定方法和书贾作伪的揭示，以及对一书众本版本源流的考订，几乎囊括了版本学研究的各个方面，在广度与深度上都超迈前人，丰富了版本学研究的内涵，在实践中形成自己的独特成果。在归纳、分析其中的版本鉴定错误时，与存世书之审定版本相互对勘，得出整部《天禄琳琅书目后编》版本误判比例高达三分之一，而宋元版部分更是几近三分之二的结论。最后从主观、客观两个方面探讨其致误原因，客观评价这部书目的学术地位。

关键词： 《天禄琳琅书目》  版本学  目录学  皇家藏书

A Study of Tianlu Linlang Shumu

Abstract: The Qinding Tianlu Linlang Shumu (Imperially Endorsed Tianlu Linlang Catalogue) was the first Chinese rare book catalogue edited by court officials. It showed great originality in bibliographic style, and it exerted far reaching influence on the serious attention paid to authentication and the emphasis on bibliographic description of rare books by Qing Dynasty book collectors and directly gave rise to modern bibliographic studies. The books described in the Tianlu Linlang Catalogue comprised rare books spanning five dynasties-the Song, Liao, Jin, Yuan and Ming-and were acknowledged as outstanding treasures among humankind. The catalogue of the original collection, destroyed by fire, is referred to as qianbian; the sequel, which sought to replace the contents, is called houbian. With the vicissitudes of the past 200-plus years, only half of the total of 1,093 titles now remains, distributed amongst private and public collections around the world. The Tianlu Linlang library can be regarded as the most important part of the national book collections in eighteenth-century China. What these old and rare books and the national destiny have experienced together, i.e. prosperity during periods of peace and disruption during years of turmoil, is rather typical for official book collections during the imperial era. A systematic study of the rich cultural significance of the Tianlu Linlang Shumu and its important role in Qing history will illuminate how the catalogue fit into the history of Chinese bibliography and the study of editions, and even will have a certain practical significance for the recently launched "Project for the Preservation of Chinese Ancient Books".

This dissertation consists of four chapters.

(I) The story of the imperial Tianlu Linlang library. The first chapter investigates some basic issues, such as the provenance of the books, their special characteristics, the destruction of the library by fire and its rebuilding, the original quantity of books, their custody, use, protection, and ultimately their dispersal and partial loss. Based on contemporary records and other documents, I reinvestigate the suspicious case about how the books in the original Tianlu Linlang Qianbian catalogue perished and try to confirm the facts about the great fire of 1797 at the Qianqing Palace that caused the calamity. I use a variety of material evidence to verify the physical characteristics of the books listed in both catalogues. I provide a full account of the complicated process these books have gone through from the final years of the Qing dynasty and the early decades of the Republican period to the 1950s. Based on a comprehensive investigation, this thesis reveals the current status of the existing Tianlu Linlang books and identifies the whereabouts of the dispersed volumes. It has been determined that 90% of the contents of the Qinding Tianlu Linlang Shumu Houbian (Sequel to the Imperially Endorsed Tianlu Linlang Catalogue) are still extant. All of the above are evidence of the pioneering researches to be found in this thesis.

(II) The compilation of the Tianlu Linlang Catalogue. Chapter two deals with the compilation of the catalogue, qianbian and houbian,including the historical background and the procedure of cataloging. I also deal with the special case of rare books that were not included in the catalogue. All these books carried the usual imperial seals, and I suggest reasons for their being excluded during the cataloging process. I investigate the contributions of Yu Minzhong, Peng Yuanrui and other officials in charge of compilation, as well as look into the Qianlong Emperor's view of rare books and their use as reflected in the catalogue. The clues from miscellaneous books and writings, including surviving court documents point to plans to compile parts three and four of the Tianlu Linlang Catalogue. Finally, I describe the different existing editions of the catalogue in three categories: manuscripts, printed editions (xylographic and typographic), and annotated copies.

(III) The style of the Tianlu Linlang Catalogue and its influence. In this chapter I provide an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of four major aspects of the catalogue: arrangement of contents, catalogue records, classification, and book selection. Furthermore, I examine the influence of Tianlu Linlang Shumu on contemporary and later public and private rare book catalogues in three respects: the style of compiling, the form of the catalogue, and the central thought of placing great emphasis on connoisseurship.

(IV) The achievements of the Tianlu Linlang Catalogue in the study of editions. As a catalogue of editions, the Tianlu Linlang Shumu includes nearly all the elements of edition study, from bibliographical description to explaining the style of ancient editions in different dynasties to methods for authenticating editions and identifying counterfeit editions made by unscrupulous book dealers, and even to discussing the transmission of editions. In breadth and depth it has achieved unprecedented results in the way it has enriched bibliographic studies. My summing up and analyzing of the authentication errors in the catalogue is based on a comparative edition evaluation of the extant books. After a statistical study, it is my conclusion that the authentication errors amount to one-third of the Tianlu Linlang Shumu Houbian titles, and in the section of Song and Yuan editions they are nearly two-thirds. Finally, I explain the reasons for the mistakes from both subjective and objective factors, and I objectively evaluate the scholarly position of the catalogue.

Key Words: Tianlu Linlang Shumu    study of editions    bibliography    imperial book collections

导师：安平秋教授